News Values

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Newspapers: News Values

Galtung and Ruge defined a set of news values to explain how journalists and editors decide that certain stories and photographs were accepted as newsworthy, while others were not. 

The following list is adapted from their work:

Immediacy: has it happened recently?
Familiarity: is it culturally close to us in Britain?
Amplitude: is it a big event or one which involves large numbers of people?
Frequency: does the event happen fairly regularly? 
Unambiguity: is it clear and definite?
Predictability: did we expect it to happen?
Surprise: is it a rare or unexpected event?
Continuity: has this story already been defined as news?
Elite nations and people: which country has the event happened in? Does the story concern well-known people?
Personalisation: Is it a personal or human interest story?
Negativity: is it bad news?
Exclusivity: do any other newspapers have this story?
Visual impact: are there amazing pictures accompanying the story?
Balance: the story may be selected to balance other news, such as a human survival story to balance a number of stories concerning death.

Classwork/Homework

Read Media Factsheet 76: News Values and complete the following questions/tasks. 
Our Media Factsheet archive is on the Media Shared drive: M:\Resources\A Level\Media Factsheets
1) Come up with a news story from the last 12 months for each of the categories suggested by Harriss, Leiter and Johnson:
  • Conflict
  • Progress
  • Disaster
  • Consequence
  • Novelty

2) What example news story does the Factsheet use to illustrate Galtung and Ruge's News Values? Why is it an appropriate example of a news story likely to gain prominent coverage?
Time span, Intensity or threshold value, Clarity or lack of ambiguity, Cultural proximity or relevance, Unexpectedness, Continuity, Composition, Socio-culture
The higher a news story scores on this list the more likely it will be used for news.

3) What is gatekeeping?
the activity of controlling, and usually limiting, general access to something.

4) What are the six ways bias can be created in news?
Bias is created by selection and omission
Bias through placement
Bias by headline
Bias by photos, captions and camera angles
Bias through use of names and titles
Bias by choice of word

5) How have online sources such as Twitter, bloggers or Wikileaks changed the way news is selected and published?
It lets news that is raw be published seeing as there is freedom and there is no censorship, this can be both negative and postive seeing as it could give us information however it could be false inforamtion
7) In your opinion, how has the digital age changed Galtung and Ruge’s news values? 
Digital age has a flood of stories coming in all the time therefore it makes it difficult for people to keep up.
8) How would you update them for 2018? Choose TWO of Galtung and Ruge's news values and say how they have been affected by the growth of digital technology.

In my opinion immediacy just does not seem to be very important no more because there is many news that happened many years ago and still do good because of the actual story. People do not really look at the time in which a news story happened, an audience really only pays attention to the context

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